POLITICAL ONTOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN KNOWLEDGE: A NEW RESEARCH FRAMEWORK AND STUDY CONCEPTS

Abstract

Ontology as a doctrine of being is an important layer of philosophical knowledge, logically preceding epistemology, ontology is studying the fundamental laws and laws of the existence of being and thinking. The first ontological studies relate to the period of the emergence of philosophical knowledge itself and are already found in the works of the ancient Greek philosophers of the Milesian and Elean schools. Developing in parallel with other branches of philosophical knowledge, ideas about the essence of ontology and, accordingly, the subject of its study, were transformed, undergoing many changes. We can confidently say that all that the ontological teachings that have taken shape over the past centuries can be divided into two large groups. The first group of studies includes works devoted to the study of the nature of being and the search for answers to the most fundamental questions, for example, why does something exist and not nothing? This is a group of so-called fundamental theoretical research. The second group must include work aimed at identifying various characteristics and patterns of development of the constituent elements of being space. Such studies include the study of the ontological nature of the economic, legal, cultural, etc. spaces. Such studies represent the most promising field of study, actively developing mainly within the framework of Western philosophy. Political ontology just refers to the second block of research and, in general terms, represents the sphere of study of individual characteristics of the political space. In the Russian academic environment, the study of political ontology is conducted mainly in a political science vein; today there are very few philosophical works devoted to determining the conceptual framework of political ontology, highlighting the various characteristics of this field and distinguishing related concepts. In connection with these circumstances, this article seems extremely relevant in conceptual and methodological terms.